Singapore

AGREEMENT BETWEEN
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
AND
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE

FOR

THE ELIMINATION OF DOUBLE TAXATION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES

ON INCOME AND THE PREVENTION OF TAX EVASION AND AVOIDANCE

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the Republic of Singapore,

Intending to conclude an Agreement for the elimination of double taxation with respect to taxes on income without creating opportunities for non¬taxation or reduced taxation through tax evasion or avoidance (including through treaty-shopping arrangements aimed at obtaining reliefs provided in this Agreement for the indirect benefit of residents of third jurisdictions), Have agreed as follows:

This Agreement shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

1.       This Agreement shall apply to taxes on income imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its political subdivisions or local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied. 

2.       There shall be regarded as taxes on income all taxes imposed on total income or on elements of income, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property, taxes on the total amounts of wages or salaries paid by enterprises, as well as taxes on capital appreciation.

3.       The existing taxes to which this Agreement shall apply are: 

         (a)     in Indonesia :

                   the income tax

                   (hereinafter referred to as "Indonesian tax");

         (b)     in Singapore :

                   the income tax

                   (hereinafter referred to as "Indonesian tax").

4.       This Agreement shall apply also to any identical or substantially similar taxes that are imposed after the date of signature of the Agreement in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any significant changes that have been made in their taxation laws.

1.       For the purposes of this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires :

         (a)     the term "Indonesia" means the Republic of Indonesia and, when used in a geographical sense, means the land territories, territorial sea, archipelagic waters, internal waters, including sea¬bed and subsoil thereof, and airspace over such territories, as well as continental shelf and exclusive economic zone, over which Indonesia has sovereignty, sovereign rights or jurisdiction, as defined in its laws, and in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, done at Montego Bay, 10 December 1982; 

         (b)     the term "Singapore" means the Republic of Singapore and, when used in a geographical sense, includes its land territory, internal waters and territorial sea, as well as any maritime area situated beyond the territorial sea which has been or might in the future be designated under its national law, in accordance with international law, as an area within which Singapore may exercise sovereign rights or jurisdiction with regards to the sea, the sea-bed, the subsoil and the natural resources;

         (c)     the terms "a Contracting State" and "the other Contracting State" mean Indonesia or Singapore as the context requires;

         (d)     the term "person" includes an individual, a company and any other body of persons;

         (e)     the term "company" means any body corporate or any entity that is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;

         (f)      the terms "enterprise of a Contracting State" and "enterprise of the other Contracting State" mean respectively an enterprise carried an by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State;

         (g)     the term "national", in relation to a Contracting State, means:

                   (i)      any individual possessing the nationality or citizenship of that Contracting State; and

                   (ii)      any legal person, partnership or association deriving its status as such from the laws in force in that Contracting State;

         (h)     the term "international traffic" means any transport by a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise of a Contracting State, except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State;

         (i)      the term "competent authority" means:

                   (i)      in the case of Indonesia, the Minister of Finance or his authorised representative;

                   (ii)      in the case of Singapore, the Minister for Finance or his authorised representative.

2.       As regards the application of the Agreement at any time by a Contracting State, any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning that it has at that time under the law of that State for the purposes of the taxes to which the Agreement applies, any meaning under the applicable tax laws of that State prevailing over a meaning given to the term under other laws of that State.

1.       For the purposes of this Agreement, the term "resident of a Contracting State" means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of incorporation, place of management or any other criterion of a similar nature, and also includes that State and any political subdivision, local authority or statutory body thereof.

2.       Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows:

         (a)     he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State with which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests);

         (b)     if the State in which he has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has an habitual abode; 

         (c)     if he has an habitual abode in both States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State of which he is a national;

         (d)     in any other case, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.

3.       Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.

1.       For the purposes of this Agreement, the term "permanent establishment" means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.

2.       The term "permanent establishment" shall include especially:

         (a)     a place of management;

         (b)     a branch;

         (c)     an office;

         (d)     a factory;

         (e)     a workshop;

         (f)      a farm or plantation;

         (g)     a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or other place of extraction of natural resources;

         (h)     a building site or construction, installation or assembly project which exists for more than 183 days. It is understood that a time limit of 3 months shall apply to an assembly or installation project performed by a person other than the main contractor;

         (i)      the furnishing of services, including consultancy services, by an enterprise through an employee or other person (other than an agent of an independent status within the meaning of paragraph 7) where the activities continue within a Contracting State for a period or periods aggregating more than 90 days within a twelve¬month period.

3.       The term "permanent establishment" shall not be deemed to include:

         (a)     the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage or display of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise;

         (b)     the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage or display;

         (c)     the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise;

         (d)     the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or for collecting information for the enterprise; 

         (e)     the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of advertising, for the supply of information, for scientific research or for similar activities which have a preparatory or auxiliary character, for the enterprise. 

4.       An enterprise of a Contracting State shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State if it carries on supervisory activities in that other State for more than 6 months in connection with a construction, installation or assembly project which is being undertaken in that other State.

5.       A person acting in one of the Contracting States for or on behalf of an enterprise of the other Contracting State - other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 7 of this Article applies - shall be deemed to be a permanent establishment in the first-mentioned State,  if:

         (a)     he has, and habitually exercises, in the first-mentioned State a general authority to conclude contracts for or on behalf of the enterprise, unless his activities are limited to the purchase of goods or merchandise for the enterprise; or

         (b)     he habitually maintains in the first-mentioned State a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise from which he regularly delivers goods or merchandise for or on behalf of the enterprise. 

6.       Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, an insurance enterprise of a Contracting State shall, except in regard to re¬insurance, be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State if it collects premiums in the territory of that other State or insures risks situated therein through a person other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 7 applies.

7.       An enterprise of a Contracting State shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that other State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, where such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business.

         However, when the activities of such an agent are devoted wholly or almost wholly on behalf of the enterprise, he shall not be considered an agent of an independent status within the meaning of this paragraph.

8.       The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself make either company a permanent establishment of the other. 

1.       Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State. 

2.       The term "immovable property" shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property, livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources: ships and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable  property. 

3.       The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable property. 

4.       The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services.

1.       The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other State but only so much of them as is attributable to that permanent establishment.

2.       Where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment.

3.       In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses including executive and general administrative expenses, which would be deductible if the permanent establishment were an independent enterprise, insofar as they are reasonably allocable to the permanent establishment, whether incurred in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere.

4.       If the information available to the competent authority is inadequate to determine the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment of an enterprise, nothing in this Article shall affect the application of any law of that State relating to the determination of the tax liability of a person by the exercise of a discretion or the making of an estimate by the competent authority, provided that the law shall be applied, so far as the information available to the competent authority permits, in accordance with the principle of this Article.

5.       For the purposes of the preceding paragraphs, the profits to he attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.

6.       Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this Agreement, then the provisions of those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this Article.

7.       No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.

1.       Income derived by an enterprise of a Contracting State from the operation of aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.

2.       Income derived by an enterprise of a Contracting State from the operation of ships in international traffic may be taxed in the other Contracting State, but the tax imposed in that other State shall be reduced by an amount equal to 50% thereof.

3.       The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall also apply to the share of the income from the operation of ships or aircraft derived by an enterprise of a Contracting State through participation in a pool, a joint business or an international operating agency.

. 

1.       Where

         (a)     an enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, or

         (b)     the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State,

         and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.

2.       Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that State - and taxes accordingly - profits on which an enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other State and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first-mentioned State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises, then that other State shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of the tax charged therein on those profits. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Agreement and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall if necessary consult each other.

3.       The provisions of paragraph 2 shall not apply where judicial or other legal proceedings have resulted in a final ruling that by actions giving rise to an adjustment of profits under paragraph 1, one of the enterprises concerned is liable to penalty with respect to fraud, gross negligence or wilful default.

1.       Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2.       However, such dividends may be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, and according to the law of that State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the dividends the tax so charged shall not exceed:

         (a)     10% of the gross amount of the dividends if the recipient is a company which owns directly at least 25% of the capital of the company paying the dividends;

         (b)     15% of the gross amount of the dividends in all other cases.

         The provisions of this paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company on the profits out of which the dividends are paid.

3.       The term "dividends" as used in this Article means income from shares, "jouissance" shares or "jouissance" rights, mining shares, founders shares or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident.

4.       The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

5.       Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other State, nor subject the companys undistributed profits to a tax on the companys undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other State.

6.       Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement, where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State has a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State, the profits of the permanent establishment may be subjected to an additional tax in that other State in accordance with its law, but the additional tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the amount of such profits after deducting therefrom income tax and other taxes on income imposed thereon in that other State.

7.       The provisions of paragraph 6 of this Article shaII not affect the provision contained in any production sharing contracts relating to oil and gas, and contract of works for other mining sectors, concluded by a Contracting State or its relevant state oil and gas company or any other entity thereof with a person who is a resident of the other Contracting State.

1.       Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2.       However, such interest may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the interest is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the interest.

3.       Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, the Government of a Contracting State shall be exempt from tax in the other Contracting State in respect of interest derived from that other State.

4.       For the purposes of paragraph 3, the term "Government":

         (a)     in the case of Indonesia, means the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and shall include:

                   (i)      a local authority;

                   (ii)      Bank Indonesia (The Central Bank of Indonesia) and its wholly owned (direct or indirect) subsidiaries;

                   (iii)     the Indonesia Eximbank;

                   (iv)     the Indonesia Social Security Agency for Health;

                   (v)     the Indonesia Social Security Agency for Manpower;

                   (vi)     any other statutory body;

                   (vii)    any entity, including special-purpose investment funds or arrangements, wholly owned (directly or indirectly) by the Government of Indonesia, which is set up to carry out governmental programmes, as may be agreed between the competent authorities of the Contracting States; and

                   (viii)   any public body or institution as may be agreed between the competent authorities of the Contracting States.

         (b)     in the case of Singapore, means the Government of Singapore and shall include also:

                   (i)      the Monetary Authority of Singapore and its wholly-owned (direct or indirect) subsidiaries;

                   (ii)      a statutory body;

                   (iii)     entities, including special-purpose investment funds or arrangements, wholly owned (directly or indirectly) by the Government of Singapore, which are set up to invest and manage the assets of the Government of Singapore, and where the interest paid relates to such assets. For avoidance of doubt, this refers to GIC Private Limited, GIC (Realty) Private Limited, GIC (Ventures) Pte. Ltd., Eurovest Pte. Ltd. and their wholly-owned (direct or indirect) subsidiaries. For any other entities wholly owned (directly or indirectly) by the Government of Singapore and which are set up to invest and manage the assets of the Government of Singapore, it may be agreed from time to time between the competent authorities of the Contracting States; and

                   (iv)     any public body or institution as may be agreed between the competent authorities of the Contracting States.

5.       The term "interest" as used in this Article means income from debt-claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtors profits, and in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures. Penalty charges for late payment shall not be regarded as interest for the purpose of this Article.

6.       The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest mises through a permanent establishment situated therein, or perform in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

7.       Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.

8.       Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt-claim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Agreement.

1.       Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2.       However, such royalties may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the royalties is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed:

         (a)     in the case of royalties as defined in paragraph 3 subparagraph (a), 10% of the gross amount of such royalties; and

         (b)     in the case of royalties as defined in paragraph 3 subparagraph (b) , 8% of the gross amount of such royalties.

3.       The term "royalties" as used in this Article means payments of any kind received as a consideration:

         (a)     for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work including cinematograph films, or films or tapes used for radio or television broadcasting, any patent, trademark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process; or

         (b)     for the use of, or the right to use, industrial, commercial or scientific equipment, or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience.

4.       The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

5.       Royalties shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the liability to pay the royalties was incurred, and such royalties are borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.

6.       Where by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties, having regard to the use, right or information for which they are paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Agreement.

1.       Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in Article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2.       Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise) or of such fixed base, may be taxed in that other State.

3.       Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic, or movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft shall be taxable only in that State.

4.       Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of shares, other than shares traded on an approved stock exchange, deriving more than 50 per cent of their value directly or indirectly from immovable property, as defined in Article 6, situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State if the alienator owned at least 50 per cent of the total issued shares of the company whose shares are alienated. However, this paragraph shall not apply to gains derived from the alienation of shares deriving value from immovable property in which the company carries on its business and to gains derived from the alienation of shares alienated or exchanged in the framework of a reorganization of a company, a merger, a scission or a similar operation.

5.       Gains from the alienation of shares in a company which is a resident of Indonesia and traded on the Indonesia Stock Exchange may be taxed in Indonesia in accordance with the Minister of Finance Decree No. 282/KMK.04/1997 (The Implementation of Withholding Tax on Income Derived from the Alienation of Shares on Stock Exchange), as may be amended from time to time.

6.       Gains from the alienation of any property, other than that referred to in paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident.

1.       Income derived by an individual who is a resident of a Contracting State in respect of professional services or other activities of an independent character shall be taxable only in that State except in the following circumstances, when such income may also be taxed in the other Contracting State:

         (a)     if he has a fixed base regularly available to him in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing his activities; in that case, only so much of the income as is attributable to that fixed base may be taxed in that other Contracting State; or

         (b)     if his stay in the other Contracting State is for a period or periods amounting to or exceeding in the aggregate 90 days in any period commencing or ending in the fiscal year concerned; in that case, only so much of the income as is derived from his activities performed in that other State may be taxed in that other State.

2.       The term "professional services" includes especially independent scientific, literary, artistic, educational or teaching activities as well as the independent activities of physicians, lawyers, engineers, architects, dentists and accountants.

1.       Subject to the provisions of Articles 16, 18, 19 and 21, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State.

2.       Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if:

         (a)     the recipient is present in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any 12-month period, and

         (b)     the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other State, and

         (c)     the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the employer has in the other State.

3.       Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, remuneration derived in respect of any employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated in international traffic by an enterprise of a Contracting State may be taxed in that State.

Fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors, management board, the supervisory board, or of a similar body, of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.

1.       Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 14 and 15, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a theater, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as a sportsperson, from that residents personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.

2.       Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or a sportsperson acting as such accrues not to the entertainer or sportsperson but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 14 and 15, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or sportsperson are exercised.

3.       The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to income derived from activities performed in a Contracting State by entertainers or sports persons if the visit to that State is wholly or mainly supported by public funds of one or both of the Contracting States or political subdivisions, local authorities or statutory bodies thereof. In such a case, the income is taxable only in the Contracting State in which the entertainer or the sportsperson is a resident.

1.       Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 19, pensions and other similar remuneration arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State in consideration of past employment may be taxable in the first-mentioned State.

2.       Notwithstanding the provision of paragraph 1, pensions paid and other payments made under a public scheme which is part of the social security system of a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof shall be taxable only in that State.

1.       (a)     Salaries, wages and other similar remuneration paid by a Contracting State or a political subdivision, a local authority or a statutory body thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision, authority or body shall be taxable only in that State.

         (b)     However, such salaries, wages and other similar remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that State and the individual is a resident of that State who:

                   (i)      is a national of that State; or

                   (ii)      did not become a resident of that State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.

2.       (a)     Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, pensions and other similar remuneration paid by, or out of funds created by, a Contracting State or a political subdivision, or a local authority or a statutory body thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority or body shall be taxable only in that State.

         (b)     However. such pensions and other similar remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of that State.

3.       The provisions of Articles 15, 16, 17 and 18 shall apply to salaries, wages, pensions, and other similar remuneration in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by a Contracting State or a political subdivision, a local authority or a statutory body thereof.

Payments which a student or business apprentice who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first-mentioned State solely for the purpose of his education or training receives for the purpose of his maintenance, education or training shall not be taxed in that State, provided that such payments arise from sources outside that State.

1.       An individual, who is a resident of a Contracting State immediately before making a visit to the other Contracting State and who, at the invitation of the Government of the other Contracting State, visits that other Contracting State for the first time for a period not exceeding two years solely for the purpose of teaching or research or both at an institution, shall be exempt from tax in that other Contracting State on any remuneration received for such teaching or research which is subject to tax in the first-mentioned Contracting State.

2.       This Article shall not apply to income from teaching or research if such teaching or research is undertaken not in the public interest but primarily for the private benefit of a specific person or persons.

1.       Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Agreement shall be taxable only in that State.

2.       The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of Article 6, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

3.       Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, items of income of a resident of a Contracting State not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Agreement and arising in the other Contracting State may also be taxed in that other State.

1.       In Indonesia, double taxation shall be avoided as follows:

         (a)     Where a resident of Indonesia derives income which, in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, may be taxed in Singapore, Indonesia shall allow as a deduction from the tax on the income of that resident, an amount equal to the income tax paid in Singapore. Such deduction in either case shall not, however, exceed that part of the income tax, as computed before the deduction is given, which is attributable, as the case may be, to the income which may be taxed in Singapore.

         (b)     Where in accordance with any provision of the Agreement, income derived by a resident of Indonesia is exempt from tax in Indonesia, Indonesia may nevertheless, in calculating the amount of tax on the remaining income of such resident, take into account the exempted income.

2.       In Singapore, double taxation shall be avoided as follows:

         Where a resident of Singapore derives income from Indonesia which, in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, may be taxed in Indonesia, Singapore shall, subject to its laws regarding the allowance as a credit against Singapore tax of tax payable in any country other than Singapore, allow the Indonesian tax paid, whether directly or by deduction, as a credit against the Singapore tax payable on the income of that resident. Where such income is a dividend paid by a company which is a resident of Indonesia to a resident of Singapore which is a company owning directly or indirectly not less than 10 per cent of the share capital of the first-mentioned company, the credit shall take into account the Indonesian tax paid by that company on the portion of its profits out of which the dividend is paid.

1.       Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other State in the same circumstances, in particular with respect to residence, are or may be subjected.

2.       The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favorably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other State carrying on the same activities. This provision shall not be construed as obliging a Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal allowances, reliefs and reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family responsibilities which it grants to its own residents.

3.       Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first- mentioned State are or may be subjected.

4.       Where a Contracting State grants tax incentives to its nationals designed to promote economic or social development in accordance with its national policy and criteria, it shall not be construed as discrimination under this Article.

5.       The provisions of this Article shall apply only to taxes covered by Article 2 of this Agreement.

1.   Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement.

2.   The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the Agreement. Any agreement reached shall be implemented notwithstanding any time limits in the domestic law of the Contracting States.

3.   The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Agreement. They may also consult together for the elimination of double taxation in cases not provided for in the Agreement.

4.   The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs.

1.       The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is foreseeably relevant for carrying out the provisions of this Agreement or to the administration or enforcement of the domestic laws concerning taxes of every kind and description imposed on behalf of the Contracting States, or of their political subdivisions or local authorities, insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the Agreement. The exchange of information is not restricted by Articles 1 and 2.

2.       Any information received under paragraph 1 by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret in the same manner as information obtained under the domestic laws of that State and shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) concerned with the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, the determination of appeals in relation to the taxes referred to in paragraph 1, or the oversight of the above. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions. Notwithstanding the foregoing, information received by a Contracting State may be used for other purposes when such information may be used for such other purposes under the laws of both States and the competent authority of the supplying State authorizes such use.

3.       In no case shall the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:

         (a)     to carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;

         (b)     to supply information which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State;

         (c)     to supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or information the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy (ordre public).

4.       If information is requested by a Contracting State in accordance with this Article, the other Contracting State shall use its information gathering measures to obtain the requested information, even though that other State may not need such information for its own tax purposes. The obligation contained in the preceding sentence is subject to the limitations of paragraph 3 but in no case shall such limitations be construed to permit a Contracting State to decline to supply information solely because it has no domestic interest in such information.

5.       In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 3 be construed to permit a Contracting State to decline to supply information solely because the information is held by a bank, other financial institution, nominee or person acting in an agency or a fiduciary capacity or because it relates to ownership interests in a person.

Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the fiscal privileges of members of diplomatic missions or consular posts under the general rules of international law or under the provisions of special agreements.

Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Agreement, a benefit under this Agreement shall not be granted in respect of an item of income if it is reasonable to conclude, having regard to all relevant facts and circumstances, that obtaining that benefit was one of the principal purposes of any arrangement or transaction that resulted directly or indirectly in that benefit, unless it is established that granting that benefit in these circumstances would be in accordance with the object and purpose of the relevant provisions of this Agreement.

1.       Each Contracting State shall notify the other in writing through diplomatic channels of the completion of the procedures required by its law for the bringing into force of this Agreement.

2.       The Agreement shall enter into force on the date of the later of these notifications and its provisions shall have effect:

         (a)     in Indonesia:

                   (i)      in respect of taxes withheld at source: for amounts paid or credited on or after 1 January in the calendar year following the year in which the Agreement enters into force;

                   (ii)      in respect of other taxes: for any tax year commencing on or after 1 January in the calendar year following the year in which the Agreement enters into force; and

                   (iii)     in respect of Article 26 (Exchange of Information), for requests made on or after the date of entry into force.

         (b)     in Singapore:

                   (i)      with regard to taxes withheld at source. in respect of amounts paid, deemed to be paid or liable to be paid (whichever is the earliest) on or after 1 January of the calendar year following the year in which the Agreement enters into force;

                   (ii)      with regard to taxes chargeable (other than taxes withheld at source), in respect of income for any year of assessment beginning on or after 1 January of the second calendar year following the year in which the Agreement enters into force; and

                   (iii)     in respect of Article 26 (Exchange of Information), for requests made on or after the date of entry into force.

3.       Upon its entry into force, this Agreement substitutes and supersedes the Agreement between the Republic of Indonesia and the Republic of Singapore for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, with Protocol, done at Singapore on 8 May 1990, and therefore the Agreement shall cease to have effect for all cases covered by this Agreement as from the date on which the provisions of this Agreement commence to have effect. With this Agreement, the understanding on paragraphs (b) and (c) of the Exchange of Notes dated 8 May 1990 shall remain in force for both Contracting States.

This Agreement shall remain in force until terminated by a Contracting State. Either Contracting State may terminate the Agreement through diplomatic channels, by giving written notice of termination at least six months before the end of any calendar year after the expiration of a period of five years from the date of its entry into force. In such event, the Agreement shall cease to have effect:

(a)     in lndonesian:

         (i)      in respect of taxes withheld at source: for amounts paid or credited on or after 1 January in the calendar year following the year in which the notice is given;

         (ii)     in respect of other taxes: for any tax year commencing on or after 1 January in the calendar year following the year in which the notice is given; and

         (iii)     in all other cases, including requests made under Article 26 (Exchange of Information) after the end of that calendar year in vvhich the notice is given.

(b)     in Singapore:

         (i)      with regard to taxes withheld at source, in respect of amounts paid, deemed to be paid or liable to be paid (whichever is the earliest) after the end of that calendar year in which the notice is given;

         (ii)     with regard to taxes chargeable (other than taxes withheld at source), in respect of income for any year of assessment beginning on or after 1 January of the second calendar year following that calendar year in which the notice is given; and

         (iii)     in all other cases, including requests made under Article 26 (Exchange of Information) after the end of that calendar year in which the notice is given.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, duly authorised thereto, have signed this Agreement.

DONE in duplicate at Bogor on this fourth day of February 2020 in the English and the Indonesian languages, both texts being equally authentic, but in the case of divergence of interpretation the English text shall prevail.